Laboratories combine traditional and advanced tools to identify treatments. Microscopy reveals altered inclusions (e.g., melted or rounded features from heat). Spectroscopy detects chemical signatures of fillers or radiation damage. UV fluorescence, infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Raman spectroscopy identify resins or glasses.
Trace-element analysis (LA-ICP-MS) maps diffusion profiles or unnatural element distributions. These non-destructive or minimally invasive methods allow accurate disclosure on reports from GIA, SSEF, or Gübelin. Proper detection protects market confidence and enables fair valuation.